DEATHPIGGIE wrote:

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I don't get the Hume one, and I don't know who Turing or Smart are.

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Hume said if a claim is neither analytic nor confirmed by experience, then we should "commit it to the flames."

Alan Turing was a logician who is credited with starting computer science.  He led a pretty interesting life that was cut short by an apparent suicide (look him up).  But anyway, the Turing test is a test to prove that a machine is intelligent.  Basically, you have a human subject engaged in two conversations, one with a machine and one with another human.  If the subject cannot distinguish between the machine conversation and the human conversation, then Turing believed we could say that machine has AI.

J.J.C. Smart was a philosopher who famously defended in the 1970s reductive physicalism, claiming that any sensation could be identified with a neurological state.  Thus, he was a materialist (in the philosophical sense).  He currently works at a university in Australia (I forget which one).